Genetics

The science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
The principles of genetics underpin synthetic biology, and indeed, life.

THE BASICS
A few options to get you started.

ANIMATIONS

University of Utah

VIDEO

Brief Introduction to Genetics

VIDEO

Khan Academy

FEEL LIKE IT'S ALL PRETTY SIMPLE?
Try these for more depth and complexity.

WEBSITE

Cold Spring Harbour Lab

Concepts and experiments with videos, personal stories, quizzes.

WEBSITE

Scitable by Nature Education

Well-organised written information with links to journal articles.

VIDEO

WEHI Movies

Ties together a lot of information and talks about epigenetics.

VIDEO

TEDx Sydney

TED talk by biologist/animator Drew Berry.

TRIVIA

Life Technologies

A beautifully presented history of genetics.

THINK YOU KNOW IT ALL?
Here are some of the big questions for which we don’t yet have convincing answers.

  • How did life begin?
    Darwin and Wallace’s theory of natural selection explains how species could diversify and adapt to their environment over time. Watson and Crick’s model of DNA explains the mechanism of inheritance necessary for natural selection. Neither of these breakthroughs explain how the first self-replicating molecules came about. Numerous attempts are being made to create simple self-replicating molecules using a Synthetic Biology approach.

  • How can we predict the structure and function of a protein from the sequence of the gene that encodes it?
    During the 1950’s and ’60’s the genetic code was ‘cracked’ and researchers discovered how a sequence of nucleotides in DNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids in protein. However, it is difficult to look at a protein sequence and guess how it will fold or what it will do. Since the 3D structure determines how a protein functions, this also makes it very hard to understand the biological significance of a protein or to design new proteins from scratch. Synthetic biology may offer an understanding of nature through ‘learning-by-building’.

  • How will we interpret the vast and growing amount of genetic information available?
    Since 2003 the world’s oceans have been circumnavigated and sampled for DNA. Every year more and more genomes are sequenced, from humans and other species, and there is too much information for people to interpret by themselves. More and more frequently genetic information is stored in enormous databases online and the process of interpretation is automated.